I "Kant" Wait to Talk About Psychology

Imagine that: another psychology lesson because #PsychIsEverywhere

Kant is essentially the precursor to what we now know about sensation and perception. When Kant talks about the material of knowledge and the form of knowledge, he is basically talking about the two forms of sensory processing. The material of knowledge is what is known as "Bottom-up" processing. Bottom-up processing is the basic form of sensory analysis that relies strictly on the senses. This uses various sensory cues.
For instance, consider visual cues while looking at this painting below:

At first, the cones in your retinas may notice the different colors like the greens and browns and white. The feature detectors of your fovea discern the lines and shapes of objects. You may pick up on monocular cues such as linear perspective and interposition, allowing you to gauge a sense of depth perception. This basic processing allows your brain to easily recognize that there is a forest with what looks like a rancher and some horses passing through. All of this information was picked up from basic sensory information or the material of knowledge.

However, your brain may not have noticed a crucial aspect of this unique painting. The title of this painting is called "The Forest has Eyes". Look through the painting again and see how many faces you can find with this new information. For most people, they don't immediately notice the faces hidden in the scenery. This is because they're not expecting to see such things in the painting. This is called "Inattentive Blindness" (For a fun example, watch the video below). It's a sometimes fatal mistake that our brain can't effectively mutli-task, so if we're not expecting something to happen, we might not notice some stimuli. This is where reason or the form of knowledge comes into play. This type of analysis is called "Top-down" processing and it utilizes the complex cognition and reasoning areas of the brain to interpret and ultimately decide our perceptions. This is like the example that Alberto gave to Sophie with the glasses. Though she may have seen the world with a tint of red, she knows that logically her senses are being deceived and it is only the result of those glasses. When our brain reaches stimuli that don't logically make sense, our brain tries to decipher and fill in the gaps in order to make sense.

Awareness Tests:
Basketball-          https://youtu.be/Ahg6qcgoay4
Who Dunnit?-       https://youtu.be/ubNF9QNEQLA